This study aimed to synthesize magnetic titanate nanocomposites starting from different titanium dioxide precursors TiO2–A (Anatase) and TiO2–BAR (Brookite, Anatase, and Rutile), with ionic incorporation of Co2+ (Co(NO3)2∙6H2O) during the alkaline hydrothermal process and subsequent anchoring of FeO nanoparticles on the surface, resulting in the Co-NaTiNT(BAR)@FeO and Co-NaTiNT(A)@FeO nanocomposites, respectively. The results revealed the process of efficient homojunction (1.55% and 2.20% cobalt, respectively) and heterojunction (2.49% and 2.90% iron/FeO, respectively). Co-NaTiNT(BAR)@FeO exhibited a larger surface area, 210.46 m2 g-1, favouring a greater reduction in band gap (2.47 eV). The Co-NaTiNT(A)@FeO showed 146.65 m2 g-1 and more significant results in photoluminescence, magnetic studies, and Hyperthermia (a 38% improvement in the thermal effect). Although the magnetic nanocomposites formed from different polymorphic phases of TiO2 showed variations in their properties, both showed potential for technological applications and even for assisting in the thermal treatment of diseases using an alternating magnetic field.